Water is the most important nutrient for livestock. A sufficient amount of good quality water needs to be available to livestock at all times.
Jessica Smith, PAg
Livestock and Feed Extension Specialist, Swift Current
Dissolved minerals can be present naturally, but at varying levels where there could be health risks. Other contaminants could include pollutants, micro-organisms and organic or inorganic compounds. Because water is consumed in large quantities there is an increased risk of consuming contaminants in large quantities.
With spring runoff potential projected to be less than normal in some areas of Saskatchewan, water quality becomes a concern. Without a refresh of water in dugouts, dams and other surface water sources, water contaminants can become more highly concentrated.
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Even with sufficient runoff it is beneficial to know the quality of your water sources. Testing is the first step to determining your water quality; once it is known, you can take steps to manage accordingly.
Some common water quality concerns are TDS (total dissolved solids), sodium and sulphates. TDS can cause issues such as diarrhea, decreased growth and production, and increased mortality rates.
The recommendation for TDS in livestock water is below 3,000 mg/L. Keep in mind that this limit can vary for different livestock species, ages and production states.
High sodium levels can also cause diarrhea, and can cause a decrease in feed and water intake, decreased milk production, and can lead to dehydration and possibly death.
The guideline for sodium levels in livestock water is below 1,000 mg/L. The recommended upper limit for sulphates in water is 1,000 mg/L. Excess sulphates can tie up minerals and vitamins causing copper deficiency (which leads to reproductive issues), diarrhea, and potentially polio (thiamine deficiency) and death.
As you are moving animals out to pasture this spring and summer be aware of any water quality issues in the water sources on those pastures.
Monitor the condition and health of your livestock and if you notice any issues, a good place to start is by testing the water supply. Water meters are available for screening water sources, but do not replace the value of a laboratory analysis.
Samples can be brought to you nearest Saskatchewan Agriculture office for testing, and Livestock and Feed Extension Specialists are able to assist with interpretation of results.
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